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| Item | Typical Range / Note |
|---|---|
| Evaporation capacity | 3–20 t/h per train (customized to plant load) |
| Steam economy | ~3.0–4.0 kg water/kg steam (higher with TVR/MVR add-ons) |
| Boiling temperature (last effect) | ~45–60 °C under vacuum to limit scaling & color set |
| Materials of construction | SS316L (product side), SS304 (non-product & structure); duplex/titanium optional for aggressive chemistries |
| Automation | PLC/HMI with historian; refractometer/density loops; surge & vacuum interlocks; remote diagnostics |
| Ammonium sulfate product | Crystal size tuned via residence time/seed loading; downstream centrifuge & dryer packages available |
| CIP strategy | Heated alkaline/acid cycles; recipe library based on pilot data and fouling index |
| Utilities | Reduced fresh steam and cooling demand through staged heat reuse; power sized to pumps & vacuum |